Learn About Vaping

person in denim shirt holding a e-cigarette

What’s in a vape?

Most vapes (also called e-cigarettes) contain nicotine, and many also contain a wide range of flavourings and chemicals. Chemicals in vaping e-liquids can also react when heated and form new chemicals. There is still a lot we don’t know about how these chemicals could impact your health.

Chemicals in e-liquid and aerosol can include:

Nicotine, a highly addictive chemical
Propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin
Cancer-causing chemicals such as formaldehyde
Heavy metals such as nickel, tin, and lead
Ultrafine particles that can be inhaled deep into the lungs
Diacetyl, a chemical found in flavourings, that can lead to "popcorn lung disease"
Volatile organic compounds
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive ingredient in cannabis
Vitamin E acetate, a filler ingredient in some THC vapes that has been linked to the outbreak of lung illness in the US and Canada

What are the health risks of vaping?

Vaping products share many of the same risks as tobacco products but also have their own distinct risks. From what is known so far, vaping can damage the respiratory, cardiovascular, and immune systems. Some people have also experienced acute (immediate) lung injuries from vaping.

Read about the health risks of vaping.

Download the fact sheet

Click on the sections below to learn more specific health effects:

Vaping irritates the throat and leads to coughing, shortness of breath, and chest pains. Over time, it inflames your airway and increases your risk of developing chronic lung diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) and emphysema. It can also worsen existing asthma and COPD.

Some of the chemicals and by-products in vaping devices can build up in your lungs and cause long-term damage. The process of heating the e-liquid can produce additional chemicals that might be toxic when inhaled. These chemicals and their health effects are still under investigation.

Vaping raises your blood pressure and can increase your risk of heart disease and heart attack. Using a vaping product just once was shown to increase people's heart rates and cause their arteries to stiffen. Over time, vaping may cause damage to the lining of the arteries responsible for regulating inflammation and blood clotting.
Vaping increases your risk of having a stroke, especially at a younger age.
Vaping may also increase your blood sugar levels and lead to prediabetes, putting you at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Vaping may also contribute to poor oral health and increase your risk of cavities and gum disease.
Vaping can also contribute to vision loss.
Vaping may weaken bones and increase risk of fractures and bone breaks.

Nicotine is approved for use in nicotine replacement therapies, such as the nicotine patch or gum. However, there are risks linked to nicotine and it is a highly addictive substance. As well, exposure to nicotine from tobacco is known to contribute to increased heart rate and blood pressure and to cardiovascular disease, and it is suspected that nicotine exposure from vaping has similar long-term cardiovascular effects.

Vaping products contain nicotine in various concentrations, compared to more standardized amounts found in cigarettes and nicotine replacement therapy. Some products contain much higher levels of nicotine than cigarettes. Vaping with nicotine can also lead to side effects like seizures or blackouts, due to inhaling too much nicotine in a short period of time. This is considered a form of nicotine poisoning.

Young people are especially vulnerable to the effects of nicotine. The human brain is still developing in adolescence and continues to develop past age 25. Using nicotine in adolescence disrupts cognitive function and can permanently alter the parts of the brain that control attention, learning, and memory.

Nicotine use in adolescence also impacts:

Mood: increased risk of depression and/or anxiety; increased irritability
Behaviour: reduced impulse control, difficulty concentrating

Young people can get addicted to nicotine more easily than adults. Nicotine use in adolescence may also increase the risk of future addiction to other drugs.

Nicotine can be harmful to fetal development and can lead to adverse effects in brain or lung development and to low birth weight.

About Pregnancy and Quitting

Bystanders can also be exposed to aerosol (vapour) that is exhaled by people vaping. This aerosol contains heavy metals and ultrafine particles that those nearby can inhale. So far, little is currently known about the possible health effects of secondhand exposure to e-cigarette aerosol. It may contribute to an increased risk of bronchitis symptoms (e.g., daily coughing or wheezing) and shortness breath, especially among young adults.

Those who vape should be cautious not to vape around others, especially those who do not smoke or vape themselves.

There have been injuries due to vaping product malfunctions, including explosions and fires. For more information on product safety requirements, and how to protect yourself, read about vaping product, safety and regulation.

man in blue shirt sitting in chair thinking

Dual Use: Smoking and Vaping

It’s common for people to use both cigarettes and vapes—this is called dual use. Using both cigarettes and vaping products at the same time can increase the negative health consequences compared to using either product alone. Research has found that vaping increases the risk of developing chronic pulmonary diseases including asthma and emphysema by 30%, and dual use triples this risk. Dual use also increases your risk of stroke compared to using only cigarettes or only e-cigarettes.

If you decide to try vaping to quit smoking (see FAQ below), ensure you switch completely to vaping in order to reduce your health risks.

Vaping FAQs

Vaping products (aka e-cigarettes, vapes, juuls, mods) are electronic nicotine delivery devices that heat a liquid solution to produce a vapour. The aerosol is inhaled through a mouthpiece and is then absorbed into the bloodstream.

Vaping products are available in many different forms. Some are designed to look like cigarettes, some are the size of a USB or pen, and others are much larger and may be modifiable. Most e-cigarettes contain nicotine, and many also contain a wide range of flavourings and chemicals. Chemicals in vaping e-liquids can also react when heated and form new chemicals. There is still a lot we don’t know about how these chemicals could impact your health.

Vaping has not been proven to be an effective method to quit smoking, although it may work for some people. We recommend first trying proven quit methods, including:

Behavioural coaching
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
Prescription quit medications (varenicline and bupropion)
Gradual reduction

If you are vaping to quit smoking, try combining it with behavioural counselling from QuitNow’s Quit Coaches.

Schedule a call here

Here are some tips to lower the risks associated with vaping:

Switch completely from smoking to vaping, as dual use of both can increase health risks.
Make a plan to quit vaping eventually, as long-term use of vaping may carry risks.
Ensure you’re getting your vapes and pods from a reputable source. Don’t buy them from an informal source (e.g., off the street) and refrain from modifying the contents.

You can also lower your risks by reducing how much you vape:

Buy pods with lower concentrations of nicotine. Lower nicotine concentration lowers the risk of nicotine addiction
Reduce the number of times you vape per day/per week, to around 3-4 times per day or less than daily if possible.

QuitNow’s Quit Coaches can help you make a plan to quit or reduce vaping use, via phone or live chat 24/7. You can also sign up for our Text and Email Tips programs and visit the Community Forum to learn from others on their quit-vaping journeys.

Tips to Quit Vaping